Manolis Karpathios - Rum Composers

Title: Manolis Karpathios - Rum Composers - Classical Music of Constantinople - Ρωμηοί Συνθέτες, Κλασσική μουσική της Κωνσταντινούπολης
Artist: Manolis Karpathios
Year: 2009
Production: Kathreftis
Description: The first production in Greece with Greek composers of Constantinople
Musicians: Manolis Karpathios (kanun), Bakagiannis Vasilis (ney, clarinet) Gamperakis Mihalis (violin), Ferruh Yarkin (percussion), Kottos Manolis(violin), Yurdal Tokcan (ud), Stamatopoulos Alekos (percussion) Barberis Stelios (ud), Furkan Bilgi (kemence), Ali Tufekci (ney) Thodoris Kouelis (bass), Giannis Constantinidis (bass)

Title tracks:
1. Huseyni Pesrev (Nikolakis)
2. Acem Asiran Sarki (Alekos Bacanos)
3. Irak Pesrev (Papas)
4. Kurdilihicazkar Semai (Vasilakis)
5. Segah Sarki (Christos Kyriazis) Sample
6. Kurdi Pesrev (Aggelis)
7. Arazbar Pesrev (Tzortzis)
8. Saba Pesrev (Papas)

Giorgos Bacanos - To proto outi tis anatolis

Title: Giorgos Bacanos-Γιώργος Μπατζανός (1900-1977) "To proto outi tis anatolis"
Artists: Giorgos Bacanos
Year: 1997
Published: En Chordais, Traditional Crossroads
Production: En Chordais (Greece) - Traditional Crossroads (USA)
Description: Collection of rare 78's that are most taxim's

Title tracks:
1. Ussak Taqsim
2. Acemkurdi Sample
3. Muhayyer saz semai, Cemil bey
4. Huseyni taqsim
5. Rast taqsim
6. Huzzam taqsim
7. Huzzam sarki, Yorgo Bacanos
8. Segah taqsim
9. Huseyni taqsim
10. Nikriz saz semai
11. Nihavent taqsim
12. Ussak taqsim. Lyre of Istanbul Aleco Bacanos
13. Hicazkar taqsim
14. Sed Araban taqsim
15. Sed Araban saz semai, Cemil Bey
16. Rast taqsim
17. Mahur sarki. Voice Kemal Bey & Saadeddin efendi
18. Kurdillihicazkar pesrev, Tatyos Efendi

Antonios Dalgas or Diamantidis

Arnoukoi, Constantinople 1882 - Athens 1945. He started from the age of 16 playing oud in Constantinople, and at 18 he was already an established singer, singing in the cafe aman and the panigiria of the City. The nick name "Dalgkas" was issued for his excellent voice, and which he remained known. In 1922 he came to Greece, worked with many musical forms, in which he sang amanedes, songs of Asia Minor, rebetika, European, light, traditional, and as a musician he played the oud and the nine chord guitar. In 1926 he made his first recording with the “Minore mane” . He has recorded more than 430 titles, of which 89 amanedes, and has written 78 of his own compositions. Since 1934, he dealt with highly paid performances in a tavern in Koukaki Athens, leaving aside the recordings, while the last he made where in the late'30s. With the entry of the Germans in Athens in 1941 he stopped the performances and in 1945 he died.


Αντώνιος Νταλγκάς ή Διαμαντίδης
Αρνούκοϊ, Κωνσταντινούπολη 1882 - Αθήνα 1945. Άρχισε από ηλικία 16 ετών να παίζει ούτι στη Πόλη, και στα 18 του έγινε ήδη καθιερωμένος τραγουδιστής, τραγουδώντας στα καφέ αμάν και τα πανηγύρια της Πόλης. Το προσωνύμιο "Νταλγκάς" του δόθηκε για την εξαιρετική του φωνή και με το οποίο παρέμεινε γνωστός. Το 1922 ήρθε στην Ελλάδα, συνεργάστηκε με πολλά μουσικά σχήματα, στα οποία τραγουδούσε αμανέδες, μικρασιάτικα, ρεμπέτικα, ευρωπαϊκά, ελαφρά, δημοτικά, και ως μουσικός έπαιζε ούτι και εννιάχορδη κιθάρα.

Το 1926 ηχογραφεί το πρώτο του δίσκο με το "Μινόρε μανέ". Έχει ηχογραφήσει περισσότερα από 430 τραγούδια, από τα οποία είναι 89 αμανέδες ενώ έχει γράψει 78 δικές του συνθέσεις. Από το 1934, ασχολήθηκε περισσότερο με υψηλής αμοιβής εμφανίσεις, σε ταβέρνα στο Κουκάκι αφήνοντας κατά μέρος τις ηχογραφήσεις, ενώ τις τελευταίες του τις πραγματοποίησε κατά τα τέλη του '30. Με την είσοδο των Γερμανών στην Αθήνα το 1941 σταμάτησε τις εμφανίσεις του και το 1945 απεβίωσε.

Introduction files:
1. Antonios Dalgas - Manes mpestenkiar
2. Antonios Dalgas - Manes Tis Avyis
3. Grigoros Asikis - Eleni Elenara mou (Andonios Dalgas)
4. Zaharias Kassimatis - Stous Podarades (Andonios Dalgas)
5. Antonios Dalgas - Apo ligo ligo
6. Antonios Dalgas - Ego eim enos psara paidi
7. Antonios Dalgas - Karotsierhs
8. Antonios Dalgas - Manaki mou

Aşil'in Nişanlısı - Fiancee of Akhilleus - Alki Zei

Book title: Η αρραβωνιαστικιά του Αχιλλέα - Aşil'in Nişanlısı-Fiancee of Akhilleus

Author: Alki Zei

ISBN: Greek: 9789600401806 Turkish: 9789754706178

Language: Greek, Turkish

Year: 1987, First Turkish edition 1997

Publisher: Kedros Greece, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları (http://www.iletisim.com.tr/), translation Kriton Dinçmen

Description: Alki Zei, is an author, a screenwriter, an old passive resister and one of the well known independent names of the left in Greece. Eleni is a fiction character. The adventures of Alki Zei and Eleni meet in this novel, Zei's real life story, Fiancee of Akhilleus, shares the stream of the same river and interrogate an adventure lived in the left side. Life like slogans, identities of leaders, legends and taboos...
Alki Zei, yazar, senarist, tiyatrocu, eski bir direnişçi, Yunanistan solunun bağımsız isimlerinden... Eleni, roman kahramanı... Alki Zei'nin serüveniyle Eleni'nin serüveni Aşil'in Nişanlısı'nda, yani Zei'nin "yaşanmış ve romanlaşmış" hayat hikayesinde birleşiyor, aynı nehrin yatağını paylaşıyor, "sol" şeritte yaşanmış bir serüveni sorguluyor: Sloganlaşmış hayatları, lider kimliklerini, efsaneleri, tabuları...

Το Χρονικό των Δέκα Ημερών - On Günün Günlügü - Agapi Molyviati - Venezi

Book title: Το Χρονικό των Δέκα Ημερών, Αiβαλί (Κυδωνίες) 1922
Turkish title: On Günün Günlügü
Author: Agapi Molyviati - Venezi
ISBN: Greek edition 978-960-201-189-8, Turkish edition: 975-9067-05-6
Language: Greek, Turkish
Year: First edition 1978
Publisher: ELIA (www.elia.org.gr) in Turkey Albatros Kitap, 2005, translation Kostas Sarioglou
Description: The personal testimony of Agapi Molyviati - Venezi the sister of the author, Ilias Venezis, about the 10 days she lived at the arrival of the Turkish army at Ayvali in 1922, witnessing all the incidents. And the exceptional, Turkish officer Kemalletin, who rescued her.
Comments: A painful book, that should be read both by Greek and Turks, to understand the darkness of the war, and the small light in the gap, enough for the next generation to follow.

Exerpt:
I do not know whether to pray or protest loud, whether to stay loyal to that taught or deny everything ... Why do humans have so much hate to humans?
Δεν ξέρω αν πρέπει να προσευχηθείς ή να βροντοφωνάξεις τη διαμαρτυρία σου, αν πρέπει να μείνεις πιστός σε ότι διδάχτηκες ή να αρνηθείς τα πάντα... Γιατί ο άνθρωπος έχει μισήσει τόσο πολύ τον άνθρωπο;

Ι shut my ears not to hear, not to hear voices. But these were no longer there. They penetrated deep inside…
Έκλεινα τα αυτιά μου να μην ακούω, να μην ακούω φωνές. Μα αυτές δε βρίσκονταν πια εκεί. Είχαν εισχωρήσει βαθιά.

MUSICAL SCORE: samples for the music of Tanburi Cemil Bey

Tanburi Cemil Bey

Tanburî Cemil Bey was the fourth and youngest son of Zihni Yâr Hanım, a slave and wet-nurse to Hayriye Hanım, the daughter of Sultan Mahmut II and Adile Sultan. Zihni Yâr Hanım married the assistant prefect of Shkodra, Mehmet Tevfik Bey, and Cemil Bey was born in Constantinople on May 9, 1871. Although he lost his father at the age of three, he completed his primary school education with the help of his uncle, Refik Bey. While at junior school, he learned French under Messrs Grégoire and Maurice. He began to play the saz at the age of ten, later taking up the violin and kanun, and later still the tanbur, which was eventually to win his heart. He learned makam theory from his elder brother, Ahmet Bey, and Western musical theory and the Hamparsum Limonciyan system from the violinist, Aleksan Efendi. A child prodigy at the age of twelve, by the age of eighteen he was already renowned as an instrumentalist of unrivalled talent. Profoundly knowledgeable of Constantinopolitan music, he was to play a decisive role in its development, and was also to devise and apply new playing methods to a wide range of musical instruments, particularly the lyra and the tanbur. He employed his knowledge of both traditional and western music to develop tanbur technique, and thus opened up new avenues for Turkish musical instruments as a whole. During a year at the School of Political Sciences, he met Aziz Mahmut Bey, a tanbur player whose father, Ali Efendi, agreed to tutor him in the same instrument. The first time Ali Efendi, a romantic composer, heard Cemil Bey play, he realized he was in the presence of a genius. When he declared that Cemil Bey played the tanbur even better than he did, word of his charismatic student’s abilities spread like wildfire through Constantinople’s musical circles. Through Ali Efendi, Cemil Bey came into contact with romantic music, under whose influence he was to remain for the rest of his life. At the same time, he acquired an outstanding technique, especially in the use of the plectrum, with a view to playing in the classical style, and was second to none at playing with the plectrum in the left hand. By playing more quietly and making less frequent use of the plectrum, he exploited the full potential of the classical tanbur, taking the instrument a stage further in its development. He also developed a new and more impressive method of playing during this period, thus establishing a new school. 17 At the age of twenty, he demonstrated his talent by playing the lyra, the lavta and the violin. It was Cemil Bey, too, who introduced the use of the bow to tanbur-playing, thereby creating what was in effect a new instrument: the yali tanbur. By 1900, his fame had spread throughout the Ottoman Empire. When he appeared before Sultan Abdülhamit II with his tanbur and lyra, he was rewarded with 300 gold sovereigns and the post of General Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A versatile composer, Cemil Bey wrote peşrevs, instrumental semâ‘îs, longas, syrta, zeybeks, and art songs. Though he composed his instrumental works within the ambits of classical music, his conception of the capabilities of his instruments was such that these works display a new and original approach. His musical pieces appear to be divinely inspired in their innovativeness and uniqueness of form, although his songs were to prove somewhat less successful. Of all the Turkish instrumental works ever written in the Şed-i ‘Arabân makam, Cemil Bey’s saz semai’s may be regarded as the best. His peşrevs and semâ‘îs has been a constant source of discussion since they were composed—indeed, now more than ever—and are frequently played both in Turkey and abroad, where they are broadcast by radio stations in Tunis, Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus and Beirut. The wide distribution of his music was assisted by the fact that it was recorded and distributed throughout the Mediterranean area on 78 rpm records, on which Cemil Bey played both taksims and his own compositions. Most of the recordings were made between 1910 and 1914 by the Blumenthal brothers on the Orfeon label. On these recordings, Cemil Bey worked with some of the most famous musicians of his time, including Nevres Bey (oud), Ibrahim Efendi (clarinet), Cemal Bey (piano) and Bülbül Salih (violin), a student of the tanbur player, Kadı Fuat.
His Guide to Music, which contains elements of Turkish musical theory, was published in 1901. Cemil Bey married Şerife Saide Hanım in the same year, 1901, but the marriage was to prove a dif produced one son, Mesud Cemil, who was later to follow in his father’s footsteps and become a famous musician. In addition to playing the tanbur and the cello, he also became an orchestral conductor. Cemil Bey retired into himself in the last few years of his life, and sank into melancholy. He contracted tuberculosis, eventually dying from the disease in 1916 at the age of fortyfive in Constantinople.

Necip Gülses, tanbur player
Istanbul, Spring 2004

This article is from
En Chordais (Greece)
http://www.medimuses.gr/english.html

Other sources
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanburi_Cemil_Bey
In Turkish language
http://www.turkmusikisi.com/bestekarlar/tanburicemilbey.htm
http://www.kimkimdir.gen.tr/kimkimdir.php?id=420

Most of his discography:
http://www.traditionalcrossroads.com/

Music of the Ottoman Court - Walter Feldman

Music of the Ottoman Court
Makam, Composition and the Early Ottoman Instrumental Repertoire
Feldman, Walter

(Intercultural Music Studies Vol.: 10)
* 1996
* 560 p.
* 31 fig. and ill., 20 tab., 145 musical notations, index, bibliography
* Hc
* 13,5 x 21 cm
* engl.
* EUR 44,00
* ISBN 3-86135-641-4

Between 1600 and 1750 Ottoman Turkish music developed the genres and forms that were directly antecedent to the surviving Turkish art music, yet its relationship to this modern music is shrouded in myth. This work is the first attempt to bring together contemporaneous notations, musical treatises, biographics, literary sources, travellers' accounts and iconography to present a synthetic picture of the early modern phrase of Turkish art music.

Contents:
-Preface
-Introduction
-Turkish Classical Music and Ottoman Music
-Ethnomusicology and History in Ottoman Turkey
-The Structuring of the Book
-The Major Sources for Ottoman Music 1550-1750

Part I Musicians and Performance
Chapter 1-1 Professionalism and the Music of the Ottoman Court
The Ottomans and the Turco-Mongol Courtly Heritage
The Emergence of Ottoman Court Music
Vocalists and Instrumentalists
The Geographical Origin of the Musicians and Location of Musical Centers
Changes in the Ruling Class and in the Organization of Music in the Palace
Unfree Musicians
The kullar
The Persians (Acemler)
The "Franks" and Other Male Slaves
The Slave-Women
Free Musicians in the Palace Service and the Bureaucracy The �ilmîye (�ulemâ)
Chapter 1-2 Professionalism and the Music of the Ottoman Court: Dervishes and Turkish Art Music
The Mevleviye
The Mevlevi Conception of Music
The Mevlevis and Ottoman Court Music
Music in the Other Sunni tarikats
Conclusion
Chapter 2 Instruments and Instrumentalists
Sources for the Instrumentation of Ottoman Music
Organ und Genre
The Ottoman Court Ensemble of the 16th Century
The kemance
The 'd
The kopuz
The ney
The ceng
The kanun
The Ottoman Ensemble from the 17th to the Mid-18th Century
The kemance/keman
The ney
The tanbur
The Origin of the Ottoman tanbur
The Ottoman tanbur in the 18th Century
The ceng
The kanun
The santur
The musikar r/miskal
Social Contexts of the Turkish Lutes
Conclusion
Chapter 3 The Ottoman Cyclical Concert-Formats Fasil und Ayin
The Structure of the Ottoman fasil
The fasl-i szende
Structure of the fasl-i sazende
The Mevlevi ayin
Part II Makam

Chapter 1 The General Scale of 17th-Century Ottoman Music
Nomenclature of Scale Degree and Mode
Cantemir's General Scale
The Problem of the Note segah
Saba, Uzzal, Beyati, Hisar
Conclusion
A Note on Symbols
Chapter 2 Makam and Terkib
Other Modal Entities
Terkib and su�be Structures
The Terkib in the 18th Century
Chapter 3 Melodic Progression
Seyir in Compositions
Cantemir's Terminology for Melodic Progression
Hizir Aga and Harutin

Chapter 4 The Taksim and Modulation
The Generic Nature and Origin of the taksim
Turkish and Persian "taksim" in Cantemir's Treatise
Modulation and the taksim Modulation and the küll-i külliyat Genre
Conclusion
Part III Pesrev and Semasi
Chapter 1 The Pesrev/Pishrow
The pesrev as Genre
Origin and Stucure of the pesrev/pishrow
Generic Variation Within the Ottoman pesrev

Chapter 2 The Ottoman pesrev
Periodization of the Turkish pesrev
Factors Leading to Change in the Formal Structure of the pesrev
Usul, Tempo, Melodic Density
Modulation and Large Scale Form
Terkib and seyir
Conclusion

Chapter 3 Pesrevs and Analyses
Period 1 (1500-1550)
The Persians (�Acemler)
Osman Pasa el-�Atik
Period 2 (1550-1600)
Period 3 (1600-1650)
Period 4 (1650-1690)
Neyzen Ali Hoca
The pesrevs of Cantemir
Muhayyer muhammes
Buselik-�Asirani berefs an
Conclusion

Chapter 4 The 17th-Century Persian Pesrev
Pesrevs and Analyses

Chapter 5 Transmission of the Ottoman Pes rev Repertoire
Transmission of the pesrev during the 17 Century: Pesrevs and Analyses
The nazire
Conclusion
Transmission of the pesrev in the 18th Century
Fonton
Kevseri

Chapter 6 The Instrumental Semasi
Sema si-i sazende in the 17th Century
Periodization of the semasi-i sazende / saz semasi
Analysis of the 17th-Century semasi Documents
Semasi-i lenk / aksak semasi
Transformation of the Old semasi
Conclusion

Chapter 7 Conclusion
The Departure of Turkey from the "Persianate" Musical Sphere
The New Ottoman Style of the 18 Century
Notes
Bibliography
Index

http://www.vwb-verlag.com/Katalog/m641.html

Ottoman Sources on the Development of the Taksim

Ottoman Sources on the Development of the Taksim
By Walter Feldman

The taksim (Arabic taqsim) is often referred to in the musicological literature of the Middle East as an instrumental “improvisation” (Nettle 1973:11). The taksim has been known as a major musical genre during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in most of the countries of the Middle East which had been incorporated within the Ottoman Empire, especially Turkey, Syria/Palestine and Egypt. It is also significant in Tunisia, but less so in the rest of North Africa. In Iraq it became prominent only after the end of the Second World War. Earlier the taksim ahd probably been known only to and practiced by a small Ottomanized Iraqi elite. In other Arab countries, such as Morocco and Yemen, the taksim is largely a post World War II adaptation of Egyptian musical practice. In the European part of the Ottoman Empire, the taksim has also left important vestiges in the music of Greece, Bulgaria, and Macedona, and to a lesser extent Romania (Garfias 1981). Its name, and a few of its musical characteristics were known even within the instrument klezmer repertoire of East European Jews (Beregovski/Slobin 1982: 539; Feldman 1993a). The fact that current Arabian and Turkish performance practices are not identical, and were even more differentiated early in the twentieth century when the first sound recordings of taksims were made in Turkey, Syria and Egypt, has not prevented Turkish, Syrian, Lebanese and Egyptian musicians from employing the word taksim to refer to all the local sub-styles of the broader taksim genre.

In contemporary Turkey the taksim is essentially urban and shows no close affinity with rural genres. In Syria and Egypt on the other hand, the taksim seems rather more connected with non-metrical vocal genres such as the layali and mawwal which also have rural forms. Perhaps the broad diffusion of the taksim and related genres in the Levan has been the cause of its rather extensive treatment in studies of modern Arabian music. On the other hand, Turkish musicologists, such as Yekta, Ezgi, Arel or Oransay barely mention the taksim, while it is treated somewhat more extensively by Signel.

At times the entire art music or maqam system is discussed as though it were inseperable from or even equivalent to the taksim, e.g. by Touma. More recently Racy (1991) had delineated a broad generic continuum in which the taksim is one vehicle for the expression of tarab (musical rapture or ecstasy) in what he refers to as “the modern tarab style of the east-Mediterranean world and Egypt, a style that emphasizes live musical performances, gives prominence to instantaneous modal creations, and treats music as an ecstatic experience” (1991:9).

Excerpt from JSTOR article by Walter Feldman.
• Ottoman Sources on the Development of the Taksîm
• Walter Feldman
• Yearbook for Traditional Music, Vol. 25, Musical Processes in Asia and Oceania (1993), pp. 1-28 (article consists of 28 pages)
• Published by: International Council for Traditional Music
Copy of Article in JSTOR (Journal)

Asia Minor Μικρά Ασία (Αιγαίο) - Various Turkish Artists

Title: Asia Minor Μικρά Ασία (Αιγαίο)
Artists: Various
Year: 2003
Published: http://www.hellenicrecord.gr/
Production: Petros Tambouris
Description: A collection of songs and tunes of Turkish artists of Asia Minor and the Aegean coast of Turkey
Comments: A fine introduction, to old recordings, and artists, like Sukru Tunar, Haydar Tatliyay.
The minus is there is no information, on the artists and the music.

Titles tracks:
1. Şükrü Tounar - Kordon Zeybek (Kordon Zeybeği)
2. Turkish Popular Orchestra - Kasap Havasi (Kasap Havasi)
3. Haydar Tatlıyay - Chol Kizi (Çöl Kızı)
4. Şükrü Tounar - Yunt Dayi Zeybek (Yunt Daği Zeybeği)
5. Turkish Popular Orchestra - Kathane Tsiftetelli (Kathane Çiftetelli)
6. Şükrü Tounar - Ege Zeybek (Ege Zeybeği)
7. Haydar Tatlıyay - Kourdilihijazkiar Sirto (Kürdilihicazkiâr Sirto)
8. Nick Donef - Karshilama (Karşilama)
9. Turkish Popular Orchestra - Izmir Zeybek (Izmir Zeybeği) Sample
10. Moysis Koinoghlou - Tsiftetelli (Çiftetelli)
11. Cemil Bey - Zeybek Havasi (Zeybek Havasi)
12. Haydar Tatlıyay - Nihavent Sirto (Nihavent Sirto)
13. Şükrü Tounar - Hijaz Raks (Hicaz Raks)
14. Haydar Tatlıyay - Oushak Oyun Havasi (Uşşak Oyun Havasi)
15. Şükrü Tounar - Soultaniyegiah Sirto (Sultaniyegâh Sirto)
16. Bayram Araci - Atim Arap (Atım Arap)
17. Haydar Tatlıyay - Çiftetelli Oyun Havasi
18. Şükrü Tounar - Aydin Zeybek (Aydin Zeybeği) Sample
19. Marika Papagika - Sinanai (Sinanai)
20. Şükrü Tounar - Hovarda Zeybek (Hovarda Zeybeği)

Road to Rebetika - Gail Host

Book title: Road to Rebetiko, Δρόμος για το ρεμπέτικο
Author: Gail Host
ISBN: Greek edition 960-7120-00-0, Turkish edition 9789757652199
Language: Greek, English, Turkish
Year: First English edition 1975
Publisher:
Description: One of the first books written on the rebetiko, that has all the basic knowledge for anyone wanting to learn about this music.
Content: 1. How I found rebetiko, 2 Peireaus 1920-the raod starts, 3. The world of a rebeti - Markos Vamvakaris, 4. The good days of the rebetiko - Smyneiko and Peiraiotiko, 5. The days of the war - Vasilis Tsitsanis, 6. The backbone of the rebetiko, the "roads", and maqams, 7. Looking back, 8. The songs, 9. Manuscripts, Lelakis, Tsitsanis, Moshonas, Vamvakaris
Articals from newspapers
Links: (Turkish edition)

Turkish Gazel & Greek Amanes /78 rpm recordings : 1925 - 1935

Title: Turkish Gazel & Greek Amanes /78 rpm recordings: 1925 - 1935
Artists: Various
Year: 2005
Production: Musical Arc/IODA
Description: A collection of gazel and amanes sang by various artists between 1925-1935
Comments: Turkish gazel and greek amanes are two sister forms of music in our common heritage, also one of the great traditions of middle east region.
Track titles:
1) Ousak Manes [1932] Kostas Rakounas
2) Hijaz Gazel, Asuman Ağlar [1927] Hafız Kemal
3) Neva Manes [1933] Marika Kanaropoulou
4) Bayati Gazel, Sana Dil Verdimse [1928] Hoca Isak Algazi
5) Manes Huseini [1932] Antonis Diamantidis Dalgas
6)Sultaniyegiah Gazel, Mest I Nazim Kim Buyuttu Boyle [1932] Hafiz Sadeddin Kaynak
7)Mustahar Manes [1934] Yiorgos Papasideris
8) Oushakta Yegah Gazel, Shimshir I Nigahin [1927] Hafiz Kemal
9) Manes Hetzaz [1928] Vangelis Sofroniou
10) Rast Gazel, Ashka Dustum [1928] Hafiz Sadeddin Kaynak
11) Manes Sousta [1929] Antonis Diamantidis Dalgas
12)Rast Gazel, Makber (Her Yer Karanlik) [1927] Hafiz Burhan
13) Manes Sirf Hitzazkiar [1934] Yiorghos Papasideris
14) Ushak Gazel, Hasretle Bu Sheb [1927] Hafiz Kemal
15) Manes Nihavent [1933] Marika Frantzeskopoulou Politissa
16) Huzzam Gazel, Can Hasta Dusup [1933] Husein Husnu Bey
17)Manes Neva Tsiftetelli [1934] Dimitris Atraidis
18) Huzzam Gazel, Hijran-u Elem [1932] Hafiz Sadeddin Kaynak
19) Dawn's Manes [1931] Antonis Diamantidis Dalgas
20) Segiah Gazel, Nigeh I Gulchin I Hasret [1927] Hafiz Kemal

Turkish Classical Music - A Brief Introduction

Turkish classical music / Ottoman classical music (Klasik Türk Musikisi, Sanat Musikisi, Saray Musikisi) developed in palaces, mosques, and Mevlevi lodges of the Ottoman Empire. Above all a vocal music, Classical Turkish Music traditionally accompanies a solo singer with a small instrumental ensemble. In recent times instruments might include tanbur (lute), ney (flute), kemençe (fiddle), keman (Western violin), kanun (zither), oud or other instruments. Sometimes described as monophonic music, the variety of ornamentation and variation in the ensemble requires the more accurate term heterophonic.
As the Empire grew, musics of conquered peoples of the Balkans and the Mediterranean were incorporated into an increasingly diverse Ottoman music. The Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic state, and cultural influences, including music, were shared by groups including the Turks, Armenians, Greeks, Kurds, Arabs, Persians, Assyrians and Jews.
With the beginning of the decline of the empire in the early 19th century, one branch gradually evolved from serious artistic music to "urban entertainment music". But the essence of classical Turkish music— a refined aesthetic, a vast repertoire, a sophisticated makam system of melodic modes, a variety of usul rhythmic modes, a rich body of Ottoman poetry—survived throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and continues in the 21st century.
Though similar to today's classical Arab music, classical Turkish music has a broader repertoire, utilizes a wider range of makams and usuls, and enjoys a strong following of audiences, performers, and students.
Three of the best known composers of Turkish classical music are Buhurizade Itri, Dede Efendi, and Haci Arif Bey. Even though the Republic of Turkey has a considerably less multiethnic character than the Ottoman Empire, important performers and composers like Yorgo Bacanos, Aleko Bacanos, Tatyos Efendi and udi Hrant Kenkulian came from minorities, while favourite Turkish composers and instrumentalists include Sadettin Kaynak, Selahattin Pinar, Münir Nureddin Selçuk, Tanburi Cemil Bey (tanbur), Şükrü Tunar (klarnet).
Modern Turkish singers of neo-classical music include Münir Nureddin Selçuk, Müzeyyen Senar, Zeki Müren, Bülent Ersoy and Emel Sayın. Safiye Ayla ranks as one of the great secular classical singers of the early 20th century.
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_classical_music
http://www.iera.gr/old/mousiki/turkish.htm

SOME TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO TURKISH CLASSICAL MUSIC

Makam & Usul
In Turkish classical music, Mevlevi music, and some Mosque music, a system of melody types called makam (pl. makamlar) provides a complex set of rules for composing. Each makam specifies a unique intervalic structure and melodic development. Whether a fixed composition (beste, şarkı, peşrev, âyin, etc.) or a spontaneous composition (gazel, taksim, Kuran-ı Kerim, Mevlit, etc.), all attempt to follow the melody type.Turkish makam's closest relatives include maqam in Arab music and echos in Byzantine music. The rhythmic counterpart of makam in Turkish music is usul.

Taksim
Intended to introduce, prepare the way or warm up for the makam, these are played with a single instrument, within the makam, yet not linked to any rhythmic pattern, and are either free-form or improvised.

Fasıl
Works composed within the same melodic structure (makam) , or mode, set out and played in a particular order. In a genuine fasıl, there will be works for voice and for saz. The basis of the fasıl is that the works should have the same melodic structure, and they are then ordered according to shape or form. There must generally be two ‘Beste’ (poetic forms) and five ‘Semai’ composed to count as a complete fasıl. These are accompanied by lyrics.

Oyun Havası
Instrumental pieces composed for dancing.

Source:
http://www.oud.gr/

NOTE:
As the Greek population in Istanbul, Izmir and parts of Asia Minor constituted a significant portion of the population of the Empire until the early 20th century and as the Greek community, in particular, consisted of many prominent singers, composers and instrumentalists, Ottoman music emerged as a sharing process between the Turks and the Greeks, along with the other minorities as well. It is a synthesis that reveals a mixture of cultural and historical riches. Therefore, it is only natural that both Greek and Turkish immigrants retained and carried this common musical heritage with them during the immigrations starting from the late 19th century until the forced population exchange in 1923 and that we can now find some pieces of Turkish Classical Music in Greek Music (particularly in Rebetika & Smyrneika) with Greek lyrics as well.

Some examples are:
San pas ta ksena – Ada sahillerinde bekliyorum
Hariklaki – Darıldın mı cicim bana
Eskutari – Üsküdar
Aeroplano tha paro – Telgrafın tellerine kuşlar mı konar

Rum Bestekarlar - Greek Composers

Title: Rum Bestekarlar - Greek Composers
Artists: Various
Year: 2001
Published: Sony Turkey
Production: Golden Horn Records
Description: A collection of songs and tunes of Greek composers from the Ottoman era.
Comments: An excellent introduction to Greeks about these unknown composers, as well as an introduction to the Ottoman music

Titles tracks:
1. Huseyni Pesrev (Lavtaci Andon)
2. Huseyni Agir Semai (Hanende Zaharya)
3. Neva Sarki (Istavri Efendi)
4. Saba Sarki (Kemani Zafiraki)
5. Sevkefza Sarki (Lavtaci Hristo)
6. Irak Beste (Tiryaki)
7. Acemasiran Sarki (Aleko Bacanos)
8. Sehnaz Saz Semai (Kemenceci Nikolaki)
9. Hicaz Sarki (Kemani Todoraki)
10. Hicaz Sarki (Kemani Yorgi Efendi)
11. Sazkar Beste (Ilya)
12. Huzzam Sarki (Corci)
13. Huzzam Sarki (Marko Colakoglu)
14. Hisarbuselik Sarki (Usta Yani)
15. Kurdilihicazkar Pesrev (Vasilaki)
16. Kurdilihicazkar Sarki (Yorgo Bacanos)
17. Kurdilihicazkar Sarki (Civan Aga)
18. Kurdilihicazkar Sarki (Lavtaci Hristo)

Sample tracks can be found in our introduction to Greek Composers
Information on the composers can be found at the Turkish Cultural Foundation (Ottoman Music)

Turkish Book Index

Ağar Sergun - Aşkın Samatya’sı Selanik’te Kaldı, 2001
Feldman, Walter - Music of the Ottoman Court, 1996
Gail Host - Road to Rebetika, 1975
Psahos K. A. - Asias Lyra
Belleklerdeki Güzellik-Mübadele Türküleri - Beauty in Memories-Songs of the Population Exchange
Ottoman Sounds - Magnificent Ottoman Composers

"Belleklerdeki Güzellik - Mübadele Türküleri"

Book title: Beauty in Memories-Songs of the Population Exchange -Belleklerdeki Güzellik-Mübadele Türküleri
ISBN: 978-975-979005-3-0
Language: Turkish
Year: 2007
Publisher: Lozan Mübadilleri Vakfı (LMV) yayını (Publication of the Foundation of Lausanne Treaty Emigrants)
Description: This book is the outcome of a project aiming at protecting the traditional language and culture of the Lausanne Treaty Emigrants, raising an awareness of cultural diversity in Turkey and encouraging cultural tolerance. To accomplish this, LMV (Lozan Mubadilleri Vakfı) project coordinators, along with BGST (Boğaziçi Gösteri Sanatları Topluluğu) - Kardeş Türküler, have interviewed 90 emigrants and children of emigrants in parts of Turkey for 8 months and compiled the traditional songs in their memories. The songs appear in Greek, Turkish, Pomaki, Macedonian and Vlach languages. The book provides musical scores to some songs and it also includes a CD in which the interviewees sing some of the songs.

For more information:

http://www.lozanmubadilleri.org.tr/

http://www.lozanmubadilleri.org.tr/greek.htm

Two songs from the CD:

http://www.4shared.com/file/86988034/1f4409c6/Mubadele_Turkuleri_-_samples.html

Musical Scores Index

Alekos Bacanos - Gel Ey Denizin Nazlı Kızı
Lavtacı Andon (Andon Efendi, Batrik Kyriazis) - Hüseyni Peşrev

MUSICAL SCORE: Hüseyni Peşrev-Lavtacı Andon

Hüseyni Peşrev is the best known piece of Lavtacı Andon (Andon Efendi, Batrik Kriazis) whose date of born is unknown. According to some sources he died in 1915, some claim in 1925 in Istanbul. He was the brother of Lavtacı Hristo. He played oud and lute (lavta).

'Peşrev' is a form in traditional instrumental turkish music. By word it means the thing which goes first. Musical performances like 'fasıl' begin with a peşrev. Even though not exactly the same, it is like 'ouverture' in western music.

Watch in the internet: http://fizy.org/ygn-nZmNbnjy

http://fizy.org/yVu5j2LLf8QW

Hanende Zaharya - En Chordais Music Ensemble

Title: Hanende Zaharya
Artists: En Chordais Music Ensemle + guests
Year: 2001
Published (in Greece): En Chordais Thessaloniki (Greece)
Published (in Turkey): Kalan
Production: En Chordais
Description: Classical Near Eastern music from the 18th century Constantinople by the Greek composer Hanende Zaharya.
Guests: Melihat Gulses (Vocals), Necip Gulses (Tanbur), Suleyman Erguner (Ney)

Titles tracks:
1. Ney: Bestenegar taqsim
2. Bestenegar Peshrev
3. Violin:Rast taqsim
4. Rast Beste
5. Qanun: Huseyni taqsim
6. Huseyni Beste
7. Setar: Hejaz taqsim
8. Hejaz Beste
9. Tambur: Ouzal taqsim
10. Ouzal Yuruk Semai
11. Oud: Huseyni taqsim
12. Huseyni Ayir Semai
13. Saba Saz Semai Music Sample
14. Tin pankosmion doxan
15. Hoe tes Khaldaeas kaminou

Greek / Turkish Cd's

Bacanos Giorgos - To proto outi tis anatolis, 1997
Bosphorus & Vassiliki Papageorgiou - Heybeli'den Son Vapur/Last Boat From Halki, 2002
En Chordes music Ensemble - Hanende Zacharya, 2001
Karpathios Manolis - Rum Compesers, 2009
Gulses Melihat - İstanbul'dan Atina'ya Türküler, 2000
Turkan Derya, Sinopoulos Sokratis - Letter from Istanbul, 2001

Compilations - Collections
Rum Bestekarlar - Greek Composers, 2001
Various - Rebetika 1918 - 1954, 1994
Various - Turkish Gazel & Greek Amanes /78 rpm recordings: 1925 - 1935

Books Index

Greek Music Books
Gail Host - Road to Rebetika, 1975
Korovinis, Thomas - The Zeybeks of Asia Minor, 2005
Kounadis Panagiotis - Eis Anamnisi stogmon elkistikon - Smyrnie, 2003
Papazoglou, Giorgis - Ta Hairia mas edo, 1986
Psahos K.A. - Asias Lyra, 1908
Shorelis Tasos - Rebetiki Antologia, 1977

Greek books in Turkish language
Aristoteles - Περί ποιητικής Poietika (Şiir Sanatı Üzerine)
Myrivilis Stratis - Vasilis o Arvanitis, Midilli'den Arnavut Vasil, 1943
Molyviati Agapi - Venezi, Το Χρονικό των Δέκα Ημερών - On Günün Günlügü, 1978
Samarakis Andonis - Το λάθος - Yanlış
Zei Alki, Η αρραβωνιαστικιά του Αχιλλέα - Aşil'in Nişanlısı, 1987

Turkish Music Books
Feldman, Walter - Music of the Ottoman Court, 1996
Gail Host - Road to Rebetika, 1975 (Greek-English in Turkish)
Psahos K. A. - Asias Lyra
Belleklerdeki Güzellik-Mübadele Türküleri - Beauty in Memories-Songs of the Population Exchange
Ottoman Sounds - Magnificent Ottoman Composers

Turkish books in Greek
Ağar Sergun - Aşkın Samatya’sı Selanik’te Kaldı, 2001
Kemal Yaşar - Çakırcalı Efe - Ο Τσάκιτζης

Greek Music Index

Rebetika
Rebetica - Introduction
Ntalkas Antonios (Diamantidis), (1892-1945)
Kavouras Giorgos , (1909-1943)
Papazoglou Vaggelis, (1895/7-1943)

Modern Greek
Hatzidakis Manos (1925-1994)
Portokaloglou Nikos
Theodorakis Mikis, (1925-)
Tsabropoulos Vassilis

Greek Minority of Ottoman periode
Greek composers (compilation)
Nafliotis Iakovos

Turkish Music Index

Ottoman period
Turkish Classical Music - A Brief Introduction
Dede Efendi (1778-1846)
Dimitri Kantemiroğlu (1673-1723)
Petrakis "Tiryaki"(1543-1600)
Tanburi Cemil Bey (1871-1916)


Contemporary
Sezen Aksu
Goksel Baktagir
Zeki Muren, (1931-1996)
Yurdal Tokcan, (1966- )

Istanbul'dan Atina'ya Turkuler - Melihat Gulses

İstanbul'dan Atina'ya Türküler / Tragoudia apo tin Poli stin Athina 2000
Akustik Yapım

Melihat Gülses sings, in Turkish and Greek, the traditional songs from İstanbul.

Track titles:
1. Ada Sahillerinde Bekliyorum - Beste, Güfte: Anonim
2. Cevriye Hanım - Beste, Güfte: Panayotis Tundas
3. Uşşak Aranağme
4. Barba Yannakakis - Kurban - Beste, Güfte: Panayotis Tundas
5. Telgrafın Telleri -Beste : Anonim, Güfte : Anonim
6. Uşşak Sirto - Necip Gülses
7. Argiles - Yedikule - Beste,Güfte: Evangelos Papazoğlu
8. Kanun Taksimi - Göksel Baktagir
9. Gemilerde Talim Var - Beste: Anonim, Güfte: Anonim
10. Klarnet Taksimi - Şükrü Kabacı
11. Makber - Beste: Anonim, Güfte: Anonim
12. Darıldın mı Gülüm Bana - Beste: Anonim, Güfte: Anonim
13. Entarisi Ala Benziyor - Beste: Anonim, Güfte: Anonim
14. Tha Metho Ke Tha Spao - Beste, Güfte: Yannis Dragapsis
15. Karabiberim - Beste : Papaiannu, Güfte: Papaiannu
16. Kemençe Taksimi - Derya Türkan
17. Mavili Bir Taş Attım Kamış

Zeki Müren (1931-1996) - Introduction

Zeki Müren, a prominent Turkish singer, composer and actor, was famous for his compelling voice and precise articulation in his singing of both established Turkish classical music and contemporary songs.

Müren grew up in Bursa in western Turkey in 1931. From 1950 to 1953 he studied decorative arts in Istanbul at the Fine Arts Academy while launching his musical career. “Bir Muhabbet Kusu”, his first single was a sold-out. He was given “the Golden Record” award for another song called “Manolya”. His first musical film “Beklenen Sarki” received the success it deserved. Zeki Muren made 18 consecutive films with all great success. He always proved that he could be and was successfull in all branches of art including poetry, design, composing.

When he accepted to go on stage in 1954 he knew he had to be special and in appearance in paralel to his skills. Thanks to his earlier education at the Fine Arts Academy he introduced many novelties on stage set-up and instruments used. His next step was to wear new style clothes on stage entirely of his own fashion.One of his novelties was to apply a “T” shape stage for the first time in Turkey so he could mingle with his beloved ones. His manner of adressing people and his perfect pronunciation of the Turkish language was superb. That was the reason why he was unparallelled in maintaining dialogues with his audience on stage.

In 1955 he appeared at the Küçük Çiftlik Gazinosu, one of the three best-known night clubs of Istanbul in those years, where he was accompanied by such famous instrumentalists of Turkey as Selahattin Pınar, Yorgo Bacanos, Sadi Işılay, Hakkı Derman, Şükrü Tunar, Feyzi Aslangil, Kadri Şençalar, İsmail Şençalar and Necdet Gezen. This series of night club concerts created great popular interest. Müren continued his concerts for many years. He was Turkey's most regular and frequent concert giver. He gave thousands of concerts, and actually the number of his concerts has remained an unreachable record. There have been times during which he gave one hundred concerts a year.

In his forty-five-year professional career Müren composed more than one hundred songs and made more than two hundred recordings. “Zehretme hayatı bana cânânım” (acemkurdi) was his first song, which he composed at the age of 17. “Şimdi uzaklardasın gönül hicranla doldu” (suzinâk), “Manolyam” (kürdilihicazkâr), “Bir demet yasemen” (nihavend), “Gözlerinin içine başka hayal girmesin” (nihavend) are some of his most popular songs. He was celebrated as the "Sun" of classical Turkish music and was affectionately called "Pasha". For many years he reigned as "Artist of the Year". Many of Müren's records were also published in Greece, where he also enjoyed popularity, along with the U.S., Germany, and several other countries during the 1960s and 1970s.

Then, Zeki Muren started to fight health problems gradually. He preferred to lead a solitary life in Bodrum but that did not help to keep him out of eye in the press.In 1996 he passed away of a heart-attack .

Zeki Müren Art Museum, established in Bodrum, where Müren used to live, has been visited by more than 200 thousand people so far.

SUGGESTED LISTENING:
Albums published posthumously:
2005 The Songs of Selahattin Pınar (Kalan music)
2005 The Songs of Sadettin Kaynak (Kalan music)
2005 Zeki Müren: 1955-1963 Recordings (Kalan music)

can be ordered online through : http://www.kalan.com/

8 of his popular songs are included in the following file:
http://rapidshare.com/files/99033275/Z._Muren.rar

1. Beklenen Sarki
2. Kiskanirim Seni ben
3. O agacin altini
4. Simdi uzaklardasin
5. Ben seni unutmak icin sevmedim
6. Manolyam
7. Seni ben ellerin olsun diye mi sevdim
8. Telgrafin tellerine

Also, check the following videos for a closer acquaintance with his music, accompanied by scenes from some of his films:

Sofor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzeyHTdvPLY
Yildizlarin altinda
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBGtD8lCPYU
Intizar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kdZNqtJfl0&feature=related
Bir atesim yanarim
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfl_UFLw_e8
Sevda isimli cicek
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxIzQSMeL6I
Eller ne derse desin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bPW833VKOY
Bir yanginin kulunu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69GqFinwRyw
Boyle bir karasevda
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUlqc5q3QM8

Sezen Aksu - Introduction

Sezen Aksu is the undisputed queen of contemporary Turkish music. She has shown considerable bravery in linking traditional Turkish styles with western music and in tackling subjects that the authorities would prefer to have overlooked. In the 1970s she became the first Turkish woman to write and publicly perform her own songs. Since then she has built up a massive following, singing about everything from environmental issues to the ongoing civil war with the Kurds to painful emotional truths.

Sezen Aksu was born and educated in Izmir on the romantic and nostalgic Aegean coast of Anatolia. During her school years, she took lessons in painting, music and theatre. Whilst studying at the Aegean University she released her first composition, including lyrics. This first song, 'Kaybolan Yıllar' (Lost Years), became a hit that touched thousands of people's hearts and marked the beginning of her professional career.

Her background and upbringing, surrounded by prominent specialists and teachers in Turkish Music, became vital in her work. She has always composed songs that appeal to everyone and that are influenced and inspired by the rich and colourful Anatolian cultures of her childhood. Literature, cinema, poetry and theatre remain close to her heart.

Even in her early lyrics, she promised to be an explorer of vast horizons and abysses of emotions she were to lean over. On the burning depth of her voice, she made us feel since the beginning, that a long journey awaited us. Beyond her lyrics, it was her voice that had the intensity. She was looking into our eyes with a genuine self-confidence that we were not familiar in the pop scene. She was the little warrior who did not want to be disturbed as she sang her songs. This young girl had come with a halo over her head. She always knew how to refuse what she did not want. Perhaps, we first fell in love with her uncompromising sincerity. She was not like any other person we knew.

Sezen is the singer, performer, lyricist and composer of over 600 of Turkey's most popular and frequently performed songs. She also composes for many other artists. She has subsequently become a legend in Turkey. Her modest personality and unlimited generosity in sharing her memories, longings, heartbreaks, pain, love and happiness with her audiences have made her the 'Sweetheart' and 'Little Sparrow' of every household in Turkey. Sezen Aksu’s beautiful music accompanied by her powerful, warm, touching voice have practically been the soundtrack of many Turkish people’s lives for more than 30 years. Having sold over 40 million albums throughout her career, Aksu is the ultimate figure who shaped Turkish pop music.While many of her contemporaries in pop music have their names remembered nostalgically in family conversations, Sezen Aksu's has become a legend, growing bigger as we speak. Her ballads about unrequited love and broken hearts made her a household name in 1970s and 1980s.

Her live concerts in Turkey and across Europe are sell out performances and she remains in every sense an entertainer, one that ranks amongst the great names of modern music.
Few artists have Sezen Aksu's talent for composing such diverse music with such Universal appeal. The complex, colourful and rhythmic melodies of Turkey blend seamlessly with the modern beats of popular music yet skilfully neither is compromised. An artist who has the ability to write chart topping hits such as 'Kiss Kiss' and the genius to create poetry in songs that will be sung forever, familiar tunes rendered new and more profound under her mastery.

In her songs love is a fiery riot; affection is a boundless generosity. Sezen keeps writing the poetry of entrancement. The unique color of her voice tempts the listener to great loves, great sacrifices and great uprisings. The sadness of a vulnerable little girl and the defiance of a woman resisting confinement, blend in her voice. Sometimes she is the romantic poet of the streets, sometimes the naughty girl of the neighborhood. It is as if she reminds us that freedom is possible. She speaks from a world where baring one's self until he/she becomes an open sore, is a virtue.

When we listen to her, we realize she has felt the same; she has been through the same path of emotions with each one of us. The vigor of her emotions that at times embarrasses us, her stubborn pursuit of a 'better and better' musical sentence and beyond all else, her loyalty to her self being in all circumstances along the way, make her unique.

Sample listening:
http://www.4shared.com/file/85042431/d48d13a5/sezen.html

SEZEN'S POETRY

“Poems To Be” (www.metisbooks.com)

Poems To Be consists of 197 lyrics selected from over 400 pieces Turkish pop diva Sezen Aksu wrote between 1975-2006. These songs have claimed their place in the lives and memories of three or four consecutive generations in Turkey. The aim in editing them in a volume is to bring out the poetry in these lyrics. Sezen Aksu’s songs have always flirted with poetry, often they are poetic, and sometimes they are downright poems. Her lyrics represent the expanse of Turkey to full extent, in them we encounter a unique blend of rich diversity, including motifs from both the long bygone and contemporary urban tunes to those of far Anatolian corners. Poems To Be is a book about love, our passions, break-ups, submissions, disappointments and newfound hopes. It shows us how fragile we are as humans, but also how we have the power to tend to our wounds and live on. An abridged version of the book is being prepared for publication in other languages.

BURN IT ALL
Burn me up, burn yourself, burn all that there is
Just a spark’s enough, I’m ready for this
Kiss me or touch me, kill me if you will
One should die for love, only then love is

I took you inside me all in one breath
My heart’s arrested; my breasts caught in a cage
We’ll be consumed together in the same flame
Just a spark’s enough, I’m ready for this
One should die for love, only then love is
Wear me out missing you; wear me out with your love
No love is worse than having loved and lost
Hurt me if you will, as much as you can
When you’re here it’s not enough, but neither is it when gone

Lord, oh Lord, Lord, oh Lord I walk into the fire
Lord, oh Lord, I grow with grief, I grow with love

Sezen Aksu
Translated from Turkish by Bülent Somay

Sources:
http://www.cdbaby.com
http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr
http://www.mymerhaba.com

Asias Lyra - K. A. Psahos

Book title: "Asias Lyra" collection of various music of Asia (Ottoman composers)
Author: K. A. Psahos
Language: Greek
Year: 1908, (Reprint 2002 by Koultoura)
Publisher: Koultoura
Description: This has a collection of various Ottoman composers like, Hatzi Faik Bey, Asim Bey, Hatzi Hioyrami Ousta, Baha Bey, that are in Byzantine musical scores.

Rebetiko music - A Brief Introduction

Rebetiko music succeeded, and followed the steps of the Smyrnaic, Constantinople and Asia Minor originated music after ~1930 until the mid 50's. This can be analyzed with the maqams used, (Nihavend, Hicaz, Kurdi etc) the rhythms hasapiko (slow 2/4), Hasaposerviko, Zeybekiko, Karsilama. etc, and the taxims. Even though rebetiko music was "bubling under" in various places in Athens and the port Pireuas, it is considered by most without a doubt that Markos Vambakaris and his recordings paved the way to introduce this music all over Greece and to influence other artists to start to record in this direction. The popularity made the record companies welcome this music as a gold mine, as previously it was unacceptible music of the underground. Vamvakaris started with others and had huge succes playing in Pireuas. Many of the songs they made praised the use of hashish, and the hash dens where they smoked and played for their pleasure. Also the instrument used to play the songs - the three stringed bouzouki - was only played by the marginals, and was often chased by the police, along with the hashish. So by these means it is music of the underworld, that had an appeal to all non class people. The term "Rebetiko" was not used to define these songs at that time. From the period when they were at their peak, scattered publications have been found and the term "Rebetis" is now used to describe those people of the underworld, who always sang the "hasiklidika" songs. The word itself, was given various meanings, but the description of these songs was widely given in 1949 by Manos Hadzidakis who penned this term in a lecture. After this the term was spread, and later (over) used by companies to describe this music.
Markos Vambakaris' (born in Syros island) popularity, except from himself, was also introduced at that time (1933) with other "rebetes", with whom he formed a group "thriliki tetras" (legendary fours) in Pireas (port of Athens). Other than Vamvakaris, the group consisted of Giorgios Batis (born in Pireas), Stratos Pagioumtzis (born in Ayvali) andAnestis Delias (born in Smyrni died from heroin).
Today there are probably more than 40 books written only in Greece on the subject of "Rebetiko", which analyze many aspects of it. Major artists that are noted in the huge number songwriting and recordings are Markos Vamvakaris and Vassilis Tsitsanis. Major singers are considered, Giorgos Kavouras, Apostolos Hatzihristos, Stratos Pagioumtzis, Kostas Roukounas. Women singers, Rita Ambatzi, Roza Eskenazi. Important composers, Vaggelis Papazoglou (born in Asia Minor), Giannis Papaioannou, Spyros Peristeris (born in Smyrni), Panagiotis Toundas (born in Smyrni), Giovan Tsaous (born in Asia Minor). At the end of the rebetiko era great composers are, Apostolos Kaldaras, Giorgos Mitsakis.

Turkish Bibliography (Thanks to Ali Fuat Aydin)
Gail Host - Rebetika (This is a suggested book)
Turkish edision
Iki Yeni Kitap!
http://www.muzikkitaplari.com/product_info.php/manufacturers_id/83/products_id/437

Recordings
These suggestions are made with the possibility you will find them in Turkey
1. Rebetika 1918-1954 (Kalan) - A very good compilation produced by Muammer Ketencoglu, with Turkish notes.
http://www.kalan.com/scripts/album/dispalbum.asp?id=193
2. Yeni Turki - Kulhani Sarkilar - Very nice rebetica versions in Turkish
3. Kudsi Erguner - Rembetiko from Istanbul. Not to be considered a rebetiko based CD, but rather the connection of the the Turkish music and Rebetiko.
From JSP Records (excellent selection and quality of 78's)
4. Rebetika "Greek Music from the underground"
http://www.amazon.com/Rembetika-Greek-Underground-Various-Artists/dp/B000FOQHJO
5. Rembetika Vol.2: More of the Secret History of Greece's Underground Music
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Rembetika-Vol-2-History-Greeces-Underground/dp/B000YRZ1WG
6. AJS Music company, check out their two rebetiko boxes (Turkish production)
http://www.ajsmuzik.com/

Greek bibliography for the above text
1. Tasos Shorelis - Rebetiki Anthologia, books 1-4
2. Panos Savvopoulos - About the word "Rebetiko"

List of the names and music examples mentioned in the brief introduction to rebetiki music.

01 Anestis Delias - To Charemi Sto Chamam
01 Antonis Kalibopoulos (Giovan Tsaous) - Giovan Tsaous
01 Apostolos Kaldaras - Nichtose Choris Phengari
01 Giorgos Batis - Zembekano Spaniolo
01 Giorgos Kavouras - Mi mou les giati xexnao
01 Jack Grigoriou & S. Michelidhis - To Minore Tou Deke
01 Kostas Roukounas - Kontrabatzides
01 Marika Ninou (Vasilis Tsatanis) - Ela opos eisai
01 Markos Vamvakaris - Rixe tsiggana ta hartia
01 Rita Ambatzi Zaharias kasimatis - Aeroplano tha paro (Panagiotis Toundas)
01 Stellakis Perpiniadhs - Barbara
01 Roza Eskenazi - Konialhs

Samples

Giorgos Kavouras - Introduction

Giorgos Kavouras

Kastellorizo 1909-Athens 1943, originating from Asia Minor Livisi. Folk singer and musician, one of the most prominent voices of pre rembetiko. Grew up with the Dodecanese and Smyrneika songs that he learned when he was young from the music band of his father’s, also from the musician Stamatis Kavouras. Played the santouri, violin and guitar and started as a musician of the Smyrneikon songs. Meeting the Smyrnian musician Gianni Hatzi, he entered the band of Stellaki Perpiniadis and Kostas Nouros, playing the santouri and violin. By this music group he is known in Drapetsona and Kokkinia suburbs of Athens. But at that time he had not begun to sing yet. With the inducement of Stellaki, who knew his abilities in singing, tentative timid beginning, they both sang on the same stage with huge success. Another person who urged him to sing was Vangelis Papazoglou. He gave his two 'Paidi tou dromou' and 'Ainigma' songs to Kavouras which were then to become some of his first songs. Later in the music scene he has become known now singing almost exclusive compositions of Kostas Skarvelis (in total 43) and recorded 69 songs in the period 1936-1940. In 1940 he died at age of 34. His death even made the great Marcos Vamvakaris dedicate to him a memoriable zeibekiko song called "Kavouras".
Panos

Introduction of his music
1. Ego ta plirono (Spasta kai ta plirono)
2. Eimai tehnitis xakoustos (Afou les pos magapas)
3. Kathe vradaki me gelas (Kaimo mes tin kardoula mou)
4. Krifo ton eho ton kaimo
5. Ma ti na kano s'agapo (Mes ta stenakia tou Psiri)
6. Mi mou les giati xehnao
7. Pes mou Kalamatiani mou
8. Pono den me lipase (Kathimerinos gia senane)